Novel Reagent Using Spectrophotometry
Sensitive detection of iron (II) sulfate with a novel reagent using spectrophotometry
In this study, a novel reagent was developed for sensitive detection of iron (II) sulfate, spectrophotometrically. A novel thio-anthraquinone derivative, 1-(Dodecylthio)anthracene-9,10-dione (3), was synthesized from the chemical reaction of 1-Chloroanthraquinone (1) and 1-Dodecanethiol (2) by an original reaction method and was used in the preparation of the novel reagent called Catal’s reagent.
- A synthesized thio-anthraquinone analogue (3) was purified by column chromatography, and its chemical structure was characterized by spectroscopic methods such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, mass spectrometry (MS), and ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectrophotometry.
- The chemical and molecular structure of the developed thio-antraquinone derivative (3) was illuminated using computational methods with the GaussView5 and Gaussian09 programs. Various solvents including ethanol, methanol, and acetonitrile were examined in the preparation of the reagent. A concentration range from 0.2 mg mL-1 up to 10 mg mL-1 of iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate solution in distilled water was prepared. The absorption spectra of Catal’s reagent (0.816 mM) showed three peaks between 185 nm-700 nm of wavelength.
- However, after the reaction with H2O2 and the 30 mM trisodium citrate dihydrate mixture in the presence of an iron sulfate (II) solution, a single peak was observed, producing a stable and reddish/brownish homogenous solution (λ max = 304 nm).
- The following concentrations of iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate was examined using developed protocol and the reagent, and the concentrations were measured spectrophotometrically at 304 nm, 0.2-1 mg mL-1. Absorbances of reaction mixtures of iron (II) sulfate remained stable up to 48 h.
- The results indicated that the novel Catal’s reagent can be used for sensitive spectrophotometric detection of iron (II) sulfate in aqueous solutions.
gentaur
CD20 antibody (PE) |
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| 61R-1220 | Fitzgerald | 100 ug | EUR 528 |
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Description: Rat monoclonal CD20 antibody (PE) |
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CD20 antibody (PE) |
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| 61R-CD20bHUPE | Fitzgerald | 100 tests | EUR 379.2 |
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Description: Mouse monoclonal CD20 antibody (PE) |
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CD103 / CD22 / CD20 Antibody (FITC, PE, PerCP) |
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| abx200637-50tests | Abbexa | 50 tests | EUR 927.6 |
human CD20/MS4A1 linear peptide (165-184, 20-aa, extracellular domain) broad reactivity with CD20-specific antibodies |
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| CD20-165-P | Alpha Diagnostics | 100 ug | EUR 270 |
anti- SR-BI antibody |
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| FNab08215 | FN Test | 100µg | EUR 658.5 |
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Description: Antibody raised against SR-BI |
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NATtrol Zika Virus Stock (Qualitative) (1 mL) |
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| TEST | Zeptometrix | 1 mL | EUR 1327.97 |
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Description: Please contact Gentaur in order to receive the datasheet of the product. |
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Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (PE) Monoclonal Antibody (Pan-species), PE |
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| 4-MAO843Ge21-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Mouse monoclonal antibody against Pan-species Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (PE). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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B-Lymphocyte Antigen CD20 (CD20) Antibody (PE) |
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| abx139197-100tests | Abbexa | 100 tests | EUR 577.2 |
B-Lymphocyte Antigen CD20 (CD20) Antibody (PE) |
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| abx133981-100Assays | Abbexa | 100 Assays | EUR 594 |
B-Lymphocyte Antigen CD20 (CD20) Antibody (PE) |
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| abx133981-50Assays | Abbexa | 50 Assays | EUR 477.6 |
B-Lymphocyte Antigen CD20 (CD20) Antibody (PE) |
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| abx200174-100tests | Abbexa | 100 tests | EUR 543.6 |
CD20 antibody (PE-CY7) |
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| 61R-CD20bHUPEC7 | Fitzgerald | 100 tests | EUR 535.2 |
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Description: Mouse monoclonal CD20 antibody (PE-CY7) |
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Anti-Hu CD20 PE |
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| 1P-638-T025 | ExBio | 25 tests | EUR 168 |
Anti-Hu CD20 PE |
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| 1P-638-T100 | ExBio | 100 tests | EUR 288 |
CD20 antibody (FITC) |
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| 61R-CD20bHUFT | Fitzgerald | 100 tests | EUR 327.6 |
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Description: Mouse monoclonal CD20 antibody (FITC) |
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CD20 Antibody (FITC) |
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| abx139195-100tests | Abbexa | 100 tests | EUR 510 |
CD20 Antibody (FITC) |
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| abx139196-100tests | Abbexa | 100 tests | EUR 510 |
Humanized (chimeric) Anti-Human CD20/MS4A1 IgG (rituximab biosimilar), pure |
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| CD20-23-M | Alpha Diagnostics | 100 ul | EUR 578.4 |
B-Lymphocyte Antigen CD20 (CD20) Antibody (PE-Cy5) |
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| abx133982-100Assays | Abbexa | 100 Assays | EUR 594 |
B-Lymphocyte Antigen CD20 (CD20) Antibody (PE-Cy5) |
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| abx133982-50Assays | Abbexa | 50 Assays | EUR 477.6 |
Human CD20/MS4A1 control/blocking peptide (EC-domain, rituximab binding domain) |
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| CD20-22-P | Alpha Diagnostics | 100 ug | EUR 196.8 |
Asprosin Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAA332Hu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Asprosin. This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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EZ-DNA Reagents |
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| BS8202 | Bio Basic | 100preps | EUR 105.67 |
EZ-DNA Reagents |
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| SK8201 | Bio Basic | 100preps | EUR 112.2 |
Ecl Detection Reagents |
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| RPN2105 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 611.04 |
Ecl Detection Reagents |
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| RPN3004 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 489.06 |
B-Lymphocyte Antigen CD20 (CD20) Antibody (FITC) |
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| abx413278-01mg | Abbexa | 0.1 mg | EUR 610.8 |
Recombinant (HEK cells) human CD20/MS4A1 (141-184 aa) hFc- fusion Protein |
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| CD20-146-R | Alpha Diagnostics | 10 ug | EUR 489.6 |
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC) Monoclonal Antibody (Pan-species), FITC |
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| 4-MAO843Ge21-FITC | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Mouse monoclonal antibody against Pan-species Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC). This antibody is labeled with FITC. |
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Vinculin (VCL) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-CAB839Hu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Vinculin (VCL). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Titin (TTN) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB667Hu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Titin (TTN). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Melanotransferrin (MFI2) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB677Hu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Melanotransferrin (MFI2). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Cholesterol (CH) Polyclonal Antibody (General), PE |
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| 4-PAB701Ge01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against General Cholesterol (CH). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Glycocalicin (GC) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB710Hu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Glycocalicin (GC). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Fascin (FSCN) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB757Hu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Fascin (FSCN). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Fascin (FSCN) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), PE |
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| 4-PAB757Mu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Fascin (FSCN). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Neprilysin (NEP) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), PE |
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| 4-PAB785Mu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Neprilysin (NEP). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Neprilysin (NEP) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), PE |
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| 4-PAB785Ra01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Neprilysin (NEP). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Neprilysin (NEP) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), PE |
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| 4-PAB785Ra02-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Neprilysin (NEP). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Arginine (Arg) Polyclonal Antibody (General), PE |
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| 4-PAB938Ge01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against General Arginine (Arg). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Epiregulin (EREG) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), PE |
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| 4-PAB945Ra01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Epiregulin (EREG). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Acrosin (ACR) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), PE |
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| 4-PAB947Ra01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Acrosin (ACR). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Hepcidin (Hepc) Polyclonal Antibody (Bovine), PE |
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| 4-PAB979Bo01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Bovine Hepcidin (Hepc). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Hepcidin (Hepc) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB979Hu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Hepcidin (Hepc). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Hepcidin (Hepc) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), PE |
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| 4-PAB979Mu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Hepcidin (Hepc). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Hepcidin (Hepc) Polyclonal Antibody (Pig), PE |
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| 4-PAB979Po01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Pig Hepcidin (Hepc). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Hepcidin (Hepc) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), PE |
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| 4-PAB979Ra01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Hepcidin (Hepc). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Hemopexin (HPX) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB986Hu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Hemopexin (HPX). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Hemopexin (HPX) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB986Hu02-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Hemopexin (HPX). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Hemopexin (HPX) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), PE |
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| 4-PAB986Ra01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Hemopexin (HPX). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Hemopexin (HPX) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), PE |
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| 4-PAB986Ra02-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Hemopexin (HPX). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Hemojuvelin (HJV) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB995Hu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Hemojuvelin (HJV). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Polyclonal Antibody (General), PE |
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| 4-PAB526Ge01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against General Lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Palladin (PALLD) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB590Hu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Palladin (PALLD). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Neuraminidase (NEU) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB611Hu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Neuraminidase (NEU). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Myostatin (MSTN) Polyclonal Antibody (Bovine), PE |
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| 4-PAB653Bo01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Bovine Myostatin (MSTN). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Myostatin (MSTN) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB653Hu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Myostatin (MSTN). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Myostatin (MSTN) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), PE |
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| 4-PAB653Mu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Myostatin (MSTN). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Myostatin (MSTN) Polyclonal Antibody (Pig), PE |
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| 4-PAB653Po01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Pig Myostatin (MSTN). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Myostatin (MSTN) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB653Ra01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Myostatin (MSTN). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Prekallikrein (PK) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB801Hu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Prekallikrein (PK). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Versican (VS) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB817Hu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Versican (VS). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Versican (VS) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), PE |
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| 4-PAB817Mu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Versican (VS). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Vinculin (VCL) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB839Hu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Vinculin (VCL). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Paxillin (Pax) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB844Hu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Paxillin (Pax). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Nitrotyrosine (NT) Polyclonal Antibody (General), PE |
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| 4-PAB863Ge01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against General Nitrotyrosine (NT). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Aggrecan (AGC) Polyclonal Antibody (Bovine), PE |
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| 4-PAB908Bo01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Bovine Aggrecan (AGC). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Aggrecan (AGC) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB908Hu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Aggrecan (AGC). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Aggrecan (AGC) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB908Hu02-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Aggrecan (AGC). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Aggrecan (AGC) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB908Hu03-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Aggrecan (AGC). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Aggrecan (AGC) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), PE |
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| 4-PAB908Mu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Aggrecan (AGC). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Aggrecan (AGC) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), PE |
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| 4-PAB908Mu02-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Aggrecan (AGC). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Aggrecan (AGC) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), PE |
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| 4-PAB908Ra01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Aggrecan (AGC). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Aggrecan (AGC) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), PE |
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| 4-PAB908Ra02-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Aggrecan (AGC). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Hemoglobin (HB) Polyclonal Antibody (Bovine), PE |
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| 4-PAB409Bo01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Bovine Hemoglobin (HB). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Hemoglobin (HB) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), PE |
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| 4-PAB409Mu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Hemoglobin (HB). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Hemoglobin (HB) Polyclonal Antibody (Pig), PE |
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| 4-PAB409Po01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Pig Hemoglobin (HB). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Hemoglobin (HB) Polyclonal Antibody (Rabbit), PE |
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| 4-PAB409Rb51-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Guinea polyclonal antibody against Rabbit Hemoglobin (HB). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB447Hu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Acetylcholinesterase (AchE). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), PE |
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| 4-PAB447Mu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Acetylcholinesterase (AchE). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), PE |
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| 4-PAB447Mu02-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Acetylcholinesterase (AchE). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), PE |
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| 4-PAB447Ra02-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Acetylcholinesterase (AchE). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Ovalbumin (OVA) Polyclonal Antibody (Chicken), PE |
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| 4-PAB459Ge01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Chicken Ovalbumin (OVA). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Fibromodulin (FMOD) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB494Hu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Fibromodulin (FMOD). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Fibromodulin (FMOD) Polyclonal Antibody (Rat), PE |
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| 4-PAB494Ra01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Rat Fibromodulin (FMOD). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Lumican (LUM) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB496Hu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Lumican (LUM). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Lumican (LUM) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), PE |
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| 4-PAB496Mu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Lumican (LUM). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Dystrophin (DMD) Polyclonal Antibody (Human), PE |
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| 4-PAB503Hu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Human Dystrophin (DMD). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Dystrophin (DMD) Polyclonal Antibody (Mouse), PE |
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| 4-PAB503Mu01-PE | Cloud-Clone |
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Description: A Rabbit polyclonal antibody against Mouse Dystrophin (DMD). This antibody is labeled with PE. |
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Engineering caspase 7 as an affinity reagent to capture proteolytic products
Many proteases recognize their substrates with high specificities, with this in mind, it should theoretically be possible to utilize the substrate binding cleft of a protease as a scaffold to engineer an affinity reagent. In this study, we sought to develop reagents that would differentiate between substrates and products of proteolysis, based on a caspase 7 scaffold. Firstly, we engineered a form of caspase 7 that can undergo conversion to a substrate binding conformation without catalysis. Seeking to generate a product-only trap, we further engineered this construct by incorporating mutations that compensate for the generation of a negative charge in the neo C terminus of a newly generated product.
- This was accomplished with only three substitutions within the substrate binding cleft. Moreover, the affinity of the product trap for peptides was comparable to the affinity of caspase 7 to parental substrates.
- Finally, generation of a hybrid fluorescent protein with the product trap provided a reagent that specifically recognized apoptotic cells and highlights the versatility of such an approach in developing affinity and imaging agents for a variety of cysteine and serine proteases.
Leveraging nature’s biomolecular designs in next-generation protein sequencing reagent development
Next-generation approaches for protein sequencing are now emerging that could have the potential to revolutionize the field in proteomics. One such sequencing method involves fluorescence-based imaging of immobilized peptides in which the N-terminal amino acid of a polypeptide is readout sequentially by a series of fluorescently labeled biomolecules.
When selectively bound to a specific N-terminal amino acid, the NAAB (N-terminal amino acid binder) affinity reagent identifies the amino acid through its associated fluorescence tag. A key technical challenge in implementing this fluoro-sequencing approach is the need to develop NAAB affinity reagents with the high affinity and selectivity for specific N-terminal amino acids required for this biotechnology application.
One approach to develop such a NAAB affinity reagent is to leverage naturally occurring biomolecules that bind amino acids and/or peptides. Here, we describe several candidate biomolecules that could be considered for this purpose and discuss the potential for developability of each.
Key points • Next-generation sequencing methods are emerging that could revolutionize proteomics. • Sequential readout of N-terminal amino acids by fluorescent-tagged affinity reagents. • Native peptide/amino acid binders can be engineered into affinity reagents. • Protein size and structure contribute to feasibility of reagent developability.
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